The fivefold why, also called the 5-W method or 5-Why, is a method in the field of quality management for determining cause and effect. It involves asking the question "Why?" five times about an issue to determine the cause of a defect or problem. The number five is not limited, but is to be understood symbolically. It should be followed up as often as necessary until the process step causing the error is clearly identified and cannot be divided any further.
It is important in this model that the round of questions is not stopped too early and that the problem is only remedied on the surface, but not profoundly at the root of how the problem arose. A helpful method in checking results is the "if-then" questioning. In addition, it is often the case that the problem does not only arise at one point, but that several causes are responsible for an error; this is where the 5-W method reaches its limits.
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